• Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily targeting the lungs, causing symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. TB spreads through the air when infected individuals cough or sneeze, making it a global public health concern. Public health efforts, including vaccination, infection control measures, and global collaboration, aim to control and eventually eliminate TB as a major health threat.

• ARV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, weakening the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of needles for drug use, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help manage HIV and prevent its progression to AIDS.

• Viral

Viral infections are caused by various types of viruses and can affect humans, animals, and even plants. Common examples include the flu, common cold, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Viruses invade host cells, replicate, and can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Prevention often involves vaccination, good hygiene practices, and antiviral medications when available.

• Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and hypertension. They are a leading cause of death globally. Risk factors include poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and genetics.

• GIT

Common GIT disorders include gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Symptoms vary but often include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Treatment depends on the specific disorder and may involve dietary changes, medications, or surgery.

• Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Two main types exist: Type 1, where the body doesn't produce insulin, and Type 2, where the body doesn't use insulin effectively. It can lead to serious complications like heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage.

• Immunosuppressant

Immunosuppressant are medications that dampen or suppress the immune system's activity. They are primarily used in transplant medicine to prevent organ rejection by the recipient's immune system. Additionally, they are prescribed for autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

• Fungal

Fungal infections, caused by various types of fungi, can affect the skin, nails, respiratory system, or internal organs. Common examples include athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis. Fungal infections are typically treated with antifungal medications, which can be topical, oral, or intravenous, depending on the severity and location of the infection.

• Inflammation

Inflammatory disorders encompass a group of conditions characterized by abnormal inflammation in various parts of the body. Common examples include rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis. These conditions result from an overactive immune response, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Symptoms range from joint pain and swelling to skin rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances.

• Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the force of blood against the arterial walls is consistently elevated. It is a leading risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications.

• Allergic condition

Allergic disorders, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema, result from an exaggerated immune response to typically harmless substances, known as allergens, like pollen, dust, or certain foods. These conditions can cause a range of symptoms, including sneezing, wheezing, itching, and skin rashes.